Gateway to the Mediterranean An Environmental History of Late Ottoman Izmir İnal

Gateway to the MediterraneanAn Environmental History of Late Ottoman Izmir\nAuthor(s): Onur ?nal\nFormat: Hardback\nPublisher: Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom\nImprint: Cambridge University Press\nISBN-13: 9781009607261, 978-1009607261\nSynopsis\nThis in-depth exploration of Ottoman Izmir is the first book to study a Mediterranean port city through an environmental historical lens. Onur ?nal documents the development of this major Eastern Mediterranean port-city from small coastal town, to transport hub, to a gateway linking the river valleys of Western Anatolia to worldwide markets. Key to this evolution, he argues, was the relationship between a city and countryside which not only shared a common past, but fundamentally reshaped each other during the years of the late Ottoman Empire. Introducing a cast of both human and non-human historical actors, including camels, horses and micro-organisms, ?nal demonstrates the transformative impact of their interaction on the city a.