Freeze-Drying/Lyophilization of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products

CRC Press

Freeze-drying, or lyophilization, is a well established technology used in the preservation of numerous pharmaceutical and biological products. This highly effective dehydration method involves the removal of water from frozen materials via the direct sublimation of ice. In recent years, this process has met with many changes, as have the regulations that impact lyophilization practices. This volume addresses these changes with revised chapters on emerging developments in lyophilization technology, research, and industry procedures. Providing both a scientific and industrial perspective, this comprehensive text is a valuable resource for all those who use freeze-drying technology. \n > Foreword, Preface, Contributors, 1. Glimpses into the Realm of Freeze-Drying: Classical Issues and New Ventures, 2. Structural and Dynamic Properties of Bulk and Confined Water, 3. Freezing and Annealing Phenomena in Lyophilization, 4. Phase Separation of Freeze-Dried Amorphous Solids: The Occurrencx